Triton

What is Triton?

Moons· Diameter 2,707 km. The only large moon orbiting backwards — likely a captured Kuiper belt object, with nitrogen geysers at −235 °C.

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Triton
Photo: Wikimedia Commons — Triton (moon)

The orbit of Triton at this moment: https://nowsky.org/solar/orbit?fw=moon:neptune:triton&sp=0.008 — replayed live, no login.

Orbit and size

Diameter2,707 km
ParentNeptune
Noteretrograde — a captured body

Figures are representative approximations. Source: compiled from NASA and IAU public data.

Parent planet and sibling moons

Frequently asked

How big is Triton?
2,707 km.
What is notable about Triton?
retrograde — a captured body.
Which planet does Triton orbit?
Neptune.

Cantaloupe terrain — ice like a melon rind

The western hemisphere Voyager 2 photographed is covered with dimples about 30 km across, packed so densely that it was compared to the rind of a cantaloupe. They are not impact craters — too uniform in size and never overlapping. They are read instead as the marks of ice slowly overturning, a dense layer beneath the crust trading places with a lighter one and doming the surface. No other body in the solar system shows the pattern.

Triton's surface, at −235 °C, is among the coldest ever measured. Yet when sunlight warms nitrogen ice enough to turn it to gas beneath the surface, it bursts out in dark plumes 8 km high — the ice sits so close to a thermal edge that a rise of a few degrees is explosive. Voyager also caught the soot from those geysers carried downwind into long streaks toward the south-west.

The moon in depth

Triton is the only large moon orbiting backwards — not born of Neptune but captured, most likely a Kuiper Belt object like Pluto. A pristine Kuiper world, held on a leash beside Neptune.

Voyager 2's 1989 flyby revealed a −235 °C surface with nitrogen geysers rising in 8-km black columns — the coldest measured world in the solar system, and still active, its terrain wrinkled like a cantaloupe rind.

Retrograde orbits carry a death sentence: tides are slowly dragging Triton inward, and in a few billion years it will shatter into a great ring around Neptune. Zoom to Neptune in the Orbit view to watch it circle the wrong way.

Triton is almost certainly a captured Kuiper Belt object — the only large moon orbiting backward against its planet's spin, and a near-twin of Pluto in size and makeup. Tidal forces are slowly reeling it in; billions of years from now it will shatter into a ring grander than Saturn's. Voyager 2's shots of its nitrogen geysers remain our only close look.

Related

Figures are representative approximations. Simulated positions use J2000 mean elements.